The failure of a major oceanic crust has raised concerns about catastrophic effects on life, according to scientists.
Every year from December to April, northerly winds create an increasing current in the deep waters of the Gulf of Panama.
This upwelling brings cold, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, protecting vulnerable coral reefs and causing an explosion of ocean life.
However, researchers now say that the top of the Panama Pacific Ocean has failed for the first time in more than 40 years of records – and this could be a permanent change.
Researchers warn that the collapse of this critical annual pattern could have “potentially massive” consequences – and climate could be to blame.
Dr Aaron O’Dea from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute told the Daily Mail: “More than 95 percent of the biomass in the Panamanian Sea comes from the Pacific side, thanks to the upwelling.
“It is the foundation of our most valuable maritime export industry – almost $200 million a year.
“Without upside, we are likely to see collapsed food webs, declining fisheries, and increased thermal stress on coral reefs that depend on this cooling.”
Scientists say a vital ocean floor that normally provides food for 95 percent of Panama’s marine life has failed to register for the first time
The January-April peak in the Panama Pacific Ocean is an absolutely key component of Central America’s ocean ecosystems.
Historically, this ocean current has begun as early as January 20th and lasted for about 66 days.
When the current circulates, it brings cold water from deep below and raises the temperature dramatically.
During the upwelling, sea surface temperatures drop to 19°C (66.2°F), and the lowest levels reach as cold as 14.9°C (58.8°F).
However, this year, sea temperatures dropped below 25°C (77°F) by March 4, 42 days later than usual.
This cool period was 82 percent shorter than normal, lasting just 12 days and reaching a low of just 23.3°C (73.9°F).
This is a sure sign that the current that carries cold water to the surface has failed for the first time.
Dr O’Dea says: “This system has been as predictable as the hands of a clock for at least 40 years of records – and probably much longer.
In a normal year, such as 2024 (left), the increase in nutrient-rich water causes a bloom of ocean life as elevated chlorophyll concentrations. However, this year (right), what is a bloom of life and life
“And indeed, we can trace its impact on coastal ecology and people in the region back at least 11,000 years.”
Using satellite measurements, researchers have already begun to trace the profound impact of this failure on the marine ecosystem.
Typically, the rise in nutrient-rich water is caused by algae and plankton growing so rapidly that researchers can see it from space.
But this year, that bloom of life is almost completely absent, which could be devastating for the fish that feed on these microscopic organisms and for the people whose livelihoods depend on the abundant ocean life.
Without a steady supply of cold water, the regions ecologically important coral reefs are also at risk.
Kad koraļļi kļūst pārāk karsts, tas izvada sīkās “zooxanthellae” aļģes, kas dzīvo tās struktūrās.
Šīs aļģes parasti piešķir koraļļiem savu krāsu un nodrošina tām pārtikas avotu.
Kad aļģes ir aizgājušas, koraļļi kļūst balti un galu galā mirst procesā, ko sauc par koraļļu balināšanu.

Bez aukstā ūdens piegādes zinātnieki ir nobažījušies, ka reģiona dzīvībai svarīgos koraļļu rifus (attēlā) siltāki ūdeņi nogalinās procesā, kas pazīstams kā koraļļu balināšana

Zinātnieki, kas studē augšpusi
Ja Panamas Klusā okeāna augšupvēršana neatgriežas, tas varētu izraisīt plaši izplatītu koraļļu balināšanu visā reģionā.
Zinātnieki uzskata, ka neveiksme bija saistīta ar “dramatisku samazināšanos” ziemeļu vējā – ar 74 procentiem mazāk vēju, kurai bija daudz īsāks ilgums, kad tie notika.
“Kad veidojās vēji, viņi bija tikpat spēcīgi kā jebkad, bet no tiem vienkārši nebija pietiekami, lai vadītu augšupvērsto procesu,” saka Dr O’Dea.
Tomēr Dr O’Dea saka, ka “kritiskais nezināms” ir tas, vai šī neveiksme ir vienreizējs notikums vai jauna normāla sākums.
Pētniekiem ir aizdomas, ka izmaiņas var būt saistītas ar šī gada La Niña apstākļiem, kas ir vēsākas okeāna virsmas temperatūras cikliskais periods.
Bet izmaiņas varētu būt daļa no pastāvīgākas globālo laika apstākļu maiņas, ko izraisa klimata pārmaiņas.
Pētnieki cer, ka atbilde uz šo jautājumu kļūs skaidrāka, attīstoties vairāk pētījumu par šīm tropisko okeāna straumēm.
Dr O’Dea secina: “Klimata traucējumi var novērst šķietami paredzamus procesus, uz kuriem piekrastes kopienas ir paļāvušās uz gadu tūkstošiem.”